BSD OS

BSD/OS

BSD/OS (originally called BSD/386 and sometimes known as BSDi) is a discontinued proprietary version of the BSD operating system developed by Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDi).

BSD/OS had a reputation for reliability in server roles; the renowned Unix programmer and author W. Richard Stevens used it for his own personal web server for this reason.

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995. Today, the term "BSD" is often used non-specifically to refer to any of the BSD descendants which form a branch of the family of Unix-like operating systems. Operating systems derived from the original Berkeley source code, such as FreeBSD and OpenBSD, are actively maintained.

BSD was initially called Berkeley Unix because it shared the same source code with AT&T Research Unix. In the 1980s, BSD was widely adopted by workstation vendors in the form of proprietary Unix variants such as DEC ULTRIX and Sun Microsystems SunOS, due to its permissive licensing, and its familiarity to many technology company founders and engineers.

Although these proprietary BSD derivatives were largely superseded by the UNIX System V Release 4 and OSF/1 systems in the 1990s, later BSD releases provided the basis for several ongoing open source projects including FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD, Darwin, and TrueOS. These, in turn, have been incorporated into proprietary operating systems such as Microsoft Windows and Apple's macOS and iOS.

FreeBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system descended from Research Unix via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). FreeBSD is a direct descendant of BSD, which was historically called "BSD Unix" or "Berkeley Unix" (in violation of the UNIX trademark). The first version of FreeBSD was released in 1993, and as of 2005 FreeBSD was the most widely used open-source BSD distribution, accounting for more than three-quarters of all installed systems running open-source BSD derivatives.

FreeBSD has similarities with Linux, with two major differences in scope and licensing: FreeBSD maintains a complete operating system, i.e. the project delivers kernel, device drivers, userland utilities, and documentation, as opposed to Linux only delivering a kernel and drivers, and relying on third-parties for system software; and FreeBSD source code is generally released under a permissive BSD license, as opposed to the copyleft GPL used by Linux.

The FreeBSD project includes a security team overseeing all software shipped in the base distribution. A wide range of additional third-party applications may be installed using the pkgng package management system or the FreeBSD Ports, or by directly compiling source code. Due to its permissive licensing terms, much of FreeBSD's code base has become an integral part of other operating systems, such as Apple's Darwin (which is the base for macOS, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS operating systems by Apple), FreeNAS (the open source NAS/SAN operating system), the Nintendo Switch system software, and the operating systems running on Sony's PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4.

OpenBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like computer operating system descended from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Research Unix derivative developed at the University of California, Berkeley. In late 1995, Theo de Raadt forked it from NetBSD. Besides the operating system as a whole, the project maintains portable versions of many subsystems, most notably OpenSSH, which are available as packages in other operating systems.

The project is known for its developers' insistence on open-source code, good documentation, code correctness, ongoing code audits, and security. As of July 2018, only two remote vulnerabilities have ever been found in the default install, in a period of almost 22 years - a fact prominently displayed on the OpenBSD website. It has strict policies on licensing, preferring the ISC license and other variants of the Simplified BSD License. Many of its security features are optional or absent in other operating systems. Its developers frequently audit the source tree for software bugs and security holes. According to OpenBSD expert Michael W. Lucas, OpenBSD "is widely regarded as the most secure operating system available anywhere, under any licensing terms."

De Raadt coordinates the project from his home in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Its logo and mascot is a pufferfish named Puffy.

NetBSD is a free and open source Unix-like operating system that descends from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), a Research Unix derivative developed at the University of California, Berkeley. It was the first open-source BSD descendant formally released after it was forked from 386BSD. It continues to be actively developed and is available for many platforms, including large-scale server systems, desktop systems, and handheld devices,[4] and is often used in embedded systems.
The NetBSD project focuses on code clarity, careful design, and portability across many computer architectures. NetBSD's source code is openly available and permissively licensed.
NetBSD provides various features in the security area. The Kernel Authorization framework (or Kauth) is a subsystem managing all authorization requests inside the kernel, and used as system-wide security policy. It allows external modules to plug-in the authorization process. NetBSD also incorporates exploit mitigation features, ASLR, KASLR, restricted mprotect() and Segvguard from the PaX project, and GCC Stack Smashing Protection (SSP, or also known as ProPolice, enabled by default since NetBSD 6.0) compiler extensions. Verified Executables (or Veriexec) is an in-kernel file integrity subsystem in NetBSD. It allows the user to set digital fingerprints (hashes) of files, and take a number of different actions if files do not match their fingerprints. For example, one can allow Perl to run only scripts that match their fingerprints. The cryptographic device driver (CGD) allows using disks or partitions (including CDs and DVDs) for encrypted storage.

DragonFly BSD is a free and open source Unix-like operating system created as a fork of FreeBSD 4.8. Matthew Dillon, an Amiga developer in the late 1980s and early 1990s and a FreeBSD developer between 1994 and 2003, began work on DragonFly BSD in June 2003 and announced it on the FreeBSD mailing lists on 16 July 2003.
Dillon started DragonFly in the belief that the methods and techniques being adopted for threading and symmetric multiprocessing in FreeBSD 5 would lead to poor system performance and cause maintenance difficulties. He sought to correct these suspected problems within the FreeBSD project. Due to ongoing conflicts with other FreeBSD developers over the implementation of his ideas, his ability to directly change the FreeBSD codebase was eventually revoked. Despite this, the DragonFly BSD and FreeBSD projects still work together contributing bug fixes, driver updates, and other system improvements to each other.
Intended to be the logical continuation of the FreeBSD 4.x series, DragonFly's development has diverged significantly from FreeBSD's, including a new Light Weight Kernel Threads (LWKT) implementation, a lightweight ports/messaging system, and feature-rich HAMMER file system.[7] Many concepts planned for DragonFly were inspired by the AmigaOS operating system.

Darwin is an open-source Unix-like operating system first released by Apple Inc. in 2000. It is composed of code developed by Apple, as well as code derived from NeXTSTEP, BSD, Mach, and other free software projects.
Darwin forms the core set of components upon which macOS (previously OS X and Mac OS X), iOS, watchOS, tvOS, and audioOS are based. It is mostly POSIX-compatible, but has never, by itself, been certified as compatible with any version of POSIX. Starting with Leopard, macOS has been certified as compatible with the Single UNIX Specification version 3 (SUSv3).
Up to Darwin 8.0.1, Apple released a binary installer (as an ISO image) after each major Mac OS X release that allowed one to install Darwin on PowerPC and Intel x86 systems as a standalone operating system. Minor updates were released as packages that were installed separately. Darwin is now only available as source code,[6] except for the ARM variant, which has not been released in any form separately from iOS, watchOS, tvOS, or audioOS. A hobbyist developer winocm took the official Darwin source code and ported it to ARM.

TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD or PCBSD) is a Unix-like, desktop-oriented operating system built upon the most recent releases of FreeBSD-CURRENT. It aims to be easy to install by using a graphical installation program, and easy and ready-to-use immediately by providing KDE SC, Lumina, LXDE, MATE, or Xfce as the desktop environment. It provides official binary Nvidia and Intel drivers for hardware acceleration and an optional 3D desktop interface through KWin, and Wine is ready-to-use in running of Microsoft Windows software. TrueOS is able to run Linux software, in addition to FreeBSD Ports collection, and it has its own .txz package manager that allows users to graphically install pre-built software packages from a single download link, which is unique for BSD operating systems.[citation needed]
TrueOS supports OpenZFS, and the installer offers disk encryption with geli.
On October 10, 2006, PC-BSD was acquired by enterprise-class hardware solution provider iXsystems. iXsystems now employs Kris Moore as a full-time developer and leader of the project. In November 2007, iXsystems entered into a distribution agreement with Fry's Electronics whereby Fry's Electronics stores nationwide carry boxed copies of PC-BSD version 1.4 (Da Vinci Edition). In January 2008, iXsystems entered into a similar agreement with Micro Center.
On September 1, 2016, the PC-BSD team announced that the name of the operating system will change to TrueOS. Along with the rebranding, the project also became a rolling release distribution, based on the FreeBSD-CURRENT branch.
On November 15, 2016, TrueOS began the transition from FreeBSD's rc.d to OpenRC as the default init system. Apart from Gentoo/Alt, where OpenRC was initially developed, this is the only other major BSD based operating system using OpenRC.

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